Global Nav Open Menu Global Nav Close Menu; Apple; Shopping Bag +. From the Apple menu  in the corner of your screen, choose About This Mac. You should see the macOS name, such as macOS Big Sur, followed by its version number. If you need to know the build number as well, click the version number to see it. Which macOS version is the latest?

How to install brew packages based on XCode, Ruby, Homebrew

  • Install Homebrew
  • Formulas

This tutorial provides a deep dive of Homebrew,a package manager for Mac OSX (MacOS)that’s like other package mangers for Linux:

DistributionPackage Manager FormatGUI tools
Darwin (macOS)Homebrew-brew
Debian, Ubuntudpkg.debAPT (Advanced Packaging Tool)
RedHat, Fedora, openSUSERPM.rpmYum, apt4rpm, up2date, urpmi, ZYpp, poldek
Slackwaretgz--
Arch Linux, Frugalware, DeLi LinuxPacman--
Puppy LinuxPETget--
WindowsChocolatey-choco

Step-by-step instructions are provided here to install Homebrew itselfand then install Homebrew packages based on the name of formulae specified for installationin a command such as:

brew install wget

DEFINITION: A formula provides instructions on how to install packages andtheir dependencies, such as where to find tar.gzip files for download.

Brew installs packages in its own Cellar directory (folder)and adds symlinks to the /usr/local folder.

Homebrew is the newest and most popular package utility on OSX.

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Homebrew’s web page is at http://brew.sh

Alternatives to Homebrew

Preparations: XCode CLI

  1. Make a full backup of your system right before following these instructions.

  2. Open the App Store to install XCode, Apple’s IDE for developing Swift and Objective-C to run on iPhones and iPads.

    PROTIP: Apple’s App Store only installs .app files. So programs invoked from the command line Terminal (such as gcc) need to be installed a different way.

  3. To verify XCode CLI install:

    This message means that it’s not installed:

  4. Open a Terminal to install XCode CLI:

    If XCode is not already installed, you are prompted to install it:

    Installation is to folder: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/.

    Homebrew requires OS X 10.5+ and the Xcode command line tools.

    To download the Command Line Utilities, go to https://developer.apple.com/download/more/and look for your version of “Command Line Tools (macOS 10.14) for XCode 10”, one that doesn’t say “beta”.

  5. Since the El Capitan version of Mac OSX, file permissions in /usr/local have changed,causing error messages such as:

    xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun

    So in a Terminal shell window at any folder:

    sudo chown -R :staff /usr/local

  6. Verify installation by getting the version of the GNU Compiler Collection:

    gcc --version

    You should see something like this (for Mojave):

Install Homebrew

Homebrew makes use of Ruby, which comes with macOS.

  1. Install Homebrew if you haven’t already.

    CAUTION: Don’t press Enter on the Terminal until the Download Software dialog reaches 100%.

  2. Press the Enter key to the message:
    Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort. then

  3. To proceed, enter the root password, or type Ctrl+C to abort.

    NOTE: The download is from
    https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/

    HISTORICAL NOTE: Previously, the Homebrew installer was at
    https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/go/install/

  4. Identify where the Homebrew program itself is located:

    The response is the brew executable program at:

    The “brew” above is a shell script file.

    PROTIP: The “/usr/local” is the default specified by the $HOMEBREW_PREFIX enviornment variable.

  5. Identify where the Homebrew program stores packages:

    The response:

    Update Homebrew itself

  6. Get Homebrew version:

    The response (at time of writing):

    NOTE: Homebrew is open-sourced at
    https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/Common-Issues.md

  7. To update Homebrew itself and its formulas:

    brew update
    brew update

    Yes, run it twice to make sure all dependencies took.

    Each run can take several minutes.

Formulas

Popular formulas

wget

iterm2

htop

geoip

nmap

Search for a formula to install

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  1. Use an internet browser (such as Google Chrome)to view formula defined in

    • http://braumeister.org provides recent activity.

    Install formula

  2. Install the wget command-line utility by formula name (for example, wget):

    brew install wget

    This installs to folder /usr/local/bin/wget.

    See Tips & Tricks on how to use proxy, remove the beer mug emoji, highlighting within editors, etc.

    How many?

  3. Get a count of kegs, how many files, and the disk space they take:

    A sample response:

    Where did it go?

  4. List where .tar.gz “bottle” files are downloaded into from the internet:

    DEFINITION: A “Bottle” is a pre-built binary Keg used for installation instead of building from source.It can be unpacked.

    The response includes your user name, which enablesHomebrew to work without using sudo (elevation to root).

    The equivalent of the above is:

  5. List bottles downloaded:

    Examples of responses:

  6. List brew formulas installed:

    ls /usr/local/Cellar
    brew list
    brew ls

    The alternative commands above all do the same thing of the same folder,for example:

    There is no response if no brew package has been installed.

  7. See one level below one of the above folders for a specific formula,such as openssl:

    It is usually a version number, such as:

    DEFINITION: A “Keg” is the installation prefix of a formula, such as:

    Packages

  8. List brew package .rb (Ruby language) files installed:

    The response is a long list.

  9. List brew package folders:

    brew search

    The response is a long list.

Troubleshoot Homebrew

  1. Different ways to install weget.

    The above is one of several ways to install the wget command-line utility.

    One way is to install Apple’s Xcode.

    Test wget operating:

    cd ~/Downloads
    wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.15.tar.gz

  2. Verify brew installation:

    brew doctor

    If you see this message at the top of messages returned:

    The above may occur if curl and nodejs were installed without using homebrew.

    Remove them before installing node and curl using Homebrew:

  3. Create symlinks to installations performed manually in Cellar. This allows you to have the flexibility to install things on your own but still have those participate as dependencies in homebrew formulas.

    First, see what exactly will be overwritten, without actually doing it:

    The response is:

    “Keg-only” refers to a formula installed only into the Cellar and not linked into /usr/local, which means most tools will not find it. This is to avoid conflicting with the system version of the same package.

    Alternately, if aswcli is specified for dry-run, the response is:

    brew link

    NOTE: Homebrew installs to the Cellar it then symlinks some of the installation into /usr/local so that other programs can see what’s going on.

    A symlink to the active version of a Keg is called an “opt prefix”.

  4. List where a link goes:

    ls -l $(which wget)

    Prune symlinks

    If you see this message:

    A sample response:

  5. List formula (package definitions):

    brew edit $FORMULA

    The above command brings you to your default text editor (vim or whatever is specified in the $EDITOR variable).

    Type :q to quit out.

Upgrade brew formulas

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  1. List brew packages that are obsolete:

    brew outdated

    To stop a specific package from being updated/upgraded,pin it:

    brew pin $FORMULA

    $FORMULA is ???

    To allow that formulae to update again, unpin it.

  2. Download and update ALL software packages installed:

    brew upgrade

  3. To see which files would be removed as no longer needed:

    brew cleanup -n

    No response if there is nothing to clean. Otherwise, example:

  4. To really remove all files no longer needed:

    brew cleanup

    A sample response:

Remove/Uninstalll

PROTIP: Before deleting, identify its dependencies. For example:

Two delete commands does the same: Additional flags: `–force` or `-f` forcibly removes all versions of that package. `–ignore-dependencies` ignore dependencies for the formula when uninstalling the designated package, which may cause other brews to no longer work correctly.## Tap #Brew tap adds repos not in the Homebrew master repofrom inside a larger package.https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/blob/master/docs/brew-tap.mdsays tap adds to the list of formulae that brew tracks, updates, and installs from.0. List brew tap packages already installed: 0. Install the ip tool included with iproute2 on Linux: The command specififies the account and repo in GitHub, as in

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https://github.com/brona/iproute2mac or https://superuser.com/questions/687310/ip-command-in-mac-os-x-terminal 0. Try it (instead of ifconfig): 0. Remove a tap: ## Brew Cask Install #Homebrew cask extends homebrew and brings its elegance, simplicity, and speed to MacOS (OS X) GUI applications and large binaries.https://caskroom.github.ioWith Cask, you can skip the long URLs, the 'To install, drag this icon…', and manually deleting installer files.0. Temporarily set the permissions on /usr/local: 0. Install brew cask: Applications are kept in their Caskroom under /opt and symblinked to $HOME/Applications from https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask0. https://caskroom.github.io, the home page, said there are 3,197 casks as of June 5, 2016. QUESTION: Is there a graph of growth in cask counts over time?0. Install the cask extension to Homebrew: Alternately: 0. Search for a cask by name, in website is where casks are obtained: https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask/search?utf8=✓ Alternately, run a search command. This example searches for 'yo': PROTIP: One should see the cask definition before using it. I would be suspicious of casks with sparse information. The safe way to get the homepage URL of the programmer is from here (don't Google it and end up at a rogue site).0. Look at some cask definitions: https://github.com/caskroom/homebrew-cask/blob/master/Casks/google-chrome.rb is a sample cask definition:0. Install the cask: brew cask install google-chrome Cask downloads then moves the app to the ~/Applications folder, so it can be opened this way:0. Open the installed cask from Terminal: 0. Installing with cask enables you to cleanup: ### Error prevention If you get an error about 'permissions denied':0. Create a Caskroom folder 0. Edit the .bash_profile 0. Add this line: QUESTION: The use of --caskroom is deprecated?0. Save the file.0. Restart the terminal. ## GUI for Homebrew packageshttps://www.cakebrew.com/ is a GUI to help manage Homebrew packages: ## Analytics offHomebrew now defaults to retrieving behavioral analytics tracking. Although anonymized, you may not want to participate in that. To disable the extra network traffic: ## Debian apt-getDownload Fink commander Fink Installer.pkg from
http://finkcommander.sourceforge.net/help/install.phpThis explains: Fink stores data in the directory “/sw” by default. This goes against the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard’s recommendation to use “/usr/local”. Within Fink’s directory, a FHS-like layout (/sw/bin, /sw/include, /sw/lib, etc.) is used.## Documentation #0. For more documentation on brew, look here and: man brew ## Social media #Social media from brew's readme: * @MacHomebrew on Twitter * IRC freenode.net#machomebrew * Email homebrew-discuss@googlegroups.com * Read archive of emails at https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/homebrew-discuss## More on OSXThis is one of a series on Mac OSX:* [MacOS Hardware and accessories](/apple-macbook-hardware/)* [MacOS Boot-up](/macos-bootup/)* [MacOS Versions](/apple-mac-osx-versions/)* [MacOS Terminal Tips and Tricks](/mac-osx-terminal/)* [MacOS Find (files and text in files)](/find/)* [MacOS Keyboard tricks](/apple-mac-osx-keyboard/)* [Text editors and IDEs on MacOS](/text-editors/)* [Command-line utilities for MacOS](/mac-utilities/)* [MacOS Setup automation](/ansible-mac-osx-setup/)* [MacOS Homebrew installers](/macos-homebrew/)* [Task Runners Grunt and Gulp](/task-runners/)* [Printing from macOS or Linux](/printing/)* [Manage Disk Space on MacOS](/mac-diskspace/)* [Data Backups on MacOS](/apple-mac-osx-backup/)* [Screen capture on MacOS](/screen-capture-apple-mac-osx/)* [Ports open](/ports-open/)* [Applications on MacOS](/apple-mac-osx-apps/)* [1password on MacOS](/1password/)* [MacOS iPhone integration](/mac-iphone/)* [Windows on Apple MacOS](/windows-on-apple-mac-osx/)* [Packer create Vagrant Windows image](/packer/)* [Remote into Windows](/rdp/)* [Python on MacOS](/python-install/)* [Maven on MacOS](/maven-on-macos/)* [Ruby on MacOS](/ruby-on-apple-mac-osx/)* [Java on MacOS](/java-on-apple-mac-osx/)* [Node on MacOS installation](/node-osx-install/)* [PHP on MacOS](/php-on-apple-mac-osx/)* [Scala ecosystem](/scala-ecosystem/)Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.

About battery cycles

When you use your Mac notebook, its battery goes through charge cycles. A charge cycle happens when you use all of the battery’s power—but that doesn’t necessarily mean a single charge.

For example, you could use half of your notebook's charge in one day, and then recharge it fully. If you did the same thing the next day, it would count as one charge cycle, not two. In this way, it might take several days to complete a cycle.

Batteries have a limited amount of charge cycles before their performance is expected to diminish. Once the cycle count is reached, a replacement battery is recommended to maintain performance. You can use your battery after it reaches its maximum cycle count, but you might notice a reduction in your battery life.

Knowing how many charge cycles your battery has and how many are left can help you determine when a battery replacement is required. Your battery is designed to retain up to 80% of its original charge capacity at its maximum cycle count. For best performance, replace your battery when you reach its maximum cycle count.

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Follow these steps to access information about your Mac notebook battery, including its cycle count:

  1. Hold the Option key and click the Apple  menu. Choose System Information.
  2. Under the Hardware section of the System Information window, select Power. The current cycle count is listed under the Battery Information section.

Identify your computer

Cycle count limits vary between Mac models. For help identifying your Mac notebook, use the Tech Specs page or these articles:

Cycle count limits

Use the table below to see the cycle count limit for your computer's battery. The battery is considered consumed once it reaches the limit.

ComputerMaximum Cycle Count
MacBook
MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, 2017)
MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2016)
MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, Early 2015)
MacBook (13-inch, Mid 2010)
MacBook (13-inch, Late 2009)		1000
MacBook (13-inch Aluminum, Late 2008)500
MacBook (Mid 2009)
MacBook (Early 2009)
MacBook (Late 2008)
MacBook (Early 2008)
MacBook (Late 2007)
MacBook (Mid 2007)
MacBook (Late 2006)
MacBook (13-inch)		300
MacBook Pro
MacBook Pro (13-inch, M1, 2020)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2020, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2020, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2019)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2018)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2018, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2017)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2017, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2017, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2016)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2016, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2016, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Early 2015)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Mid 2014)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Early 2013)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2012)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Mid 2012)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Late 2011)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Early 2011)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Mid 2010)
MacBook Pro (13-inch, Mid 2009)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2015)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2014)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013)
MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Early 2013)
MacBook Pro (Retina, Mid 2012)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Mid 2012)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2011)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Early 2011)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Mid 2010)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2.53 GHz, Mid 2009)
MacBook Pro (15-inch Mid 2009)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Late 2011)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2011)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Mid 2010)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Mid 2009)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2009)		1000
MacBook Pro (15-inch Late 2008)500
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Early 2008)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2.4/2.2GHz)
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Core 2 Duo)
MacBook Pro (15-inch Glossy)
MacBook Pro (15-inch)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Late 2008)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2008)
MacBook Pro (17-inch, 2.4GHz)
MacBook Pro (17-inch Core 2 Duo)
MacBook Pro (17-inch)		300
MacBook Air
MacBook Air (M1, 2020)
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
MacBook Air (13-inch, 2017)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2014)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2013)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2012)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011)
MacBook Air (11-inch, Late 2010)
MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015)
MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2014)
MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2013)
MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2012)
MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011)
MacBook Air (13-inch, Late 2010)		1000
MacBook Air (Mid 2009)500
MacBook Air (Late 2008)
MacBook Air		300

Learn more

See these resources for more information about the batteries in your Apple notebook.

⇐ ⇐ Sandwich Assassin Mac OS
⇒ ⇒ Combo Kill Mac OS